According to COUNTRYAAH, Turkmenistan is a State of Central Asia (488,100 km²). Capital: Ašgabat. Administrative division: provinces (6). Population: 5,900,000 residents (2008 estimate). Language: Turkmen (official), Russian, Uzbek. Religion: Muslims 86.9%, non-religious / atheists 10.6%, Orthodox 2.5%. Monetary unit: manat (100 tenesi). Human Development Index: 0.728 (108th place). Borders: Kazahstan and Uzbekistan (E), Afghanistan (SE), Iran (S), Caspian Sea (W). Member of: CSI, EBRD, OCI, UN and OSCE.
Former federated republic of the USSR, Turkmenistan became independent in 1991 after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Under the Constitution issued in 1992, a single-party presidential system is in force in the country and the President of the Republic, who is also head of the executive, is elected for a five-year term by direct suffrage. Legislative power is exercised by a bicameral Parliament, made up of the National Assembly (made up of 50 members) and the People’s Council (made up of 65 members) also renewed every 5 years. The legal system in use in the country is based on a mixture of Islamic law and civil law; the jurisdiction of the International Court is not accepted. The highest body responsible for administering justice within the country is the Supreme Court, whose members are appointed by the president. The defense system of the state foresees the three traditional armed corps: army, navy and air force. The draft is compulsory: military service is carried out from the age of 18 and lasts for 24 months. The school system received a great boost under the Soviet regime. The signs of that past can still be seen today in the very low illiteracy rate recorded in the country (0.5% in 2007). If until the mid-1990s teaching was given in Russian, after the proclamation of independence new legislation was also introduced in the linguistic field. Education is compulsory and free and lasts 11 years: primary school consists of a 4-year cycle, starting from 7 years of age, while secondary school has a duration of 7 years. Higher studies are carried out in the various institutes and universities present. These include the Turkish International University of Turkmenistan, the Turkmen National Institute of Languages (1984), the Turkmen State University (1931), all based in the capital. Always ad Ašgabat is home to the Turkmen Academy of Sciences (1951).
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Optimal travel time for the regions
In the following overview you can see the best travel time depending on the region (Turkmenistan).
| Place | Best travel time |
| Turkmenbashi | June, July, August and September |
| Asgabat | May, June, July, August and September |
Temperatures, precipitation, sunshine in Turkmenbashi (Turkmenistan)
| Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Daytime temperature | 7 ° C | 8 ° C | 12 ° C | 20 ° C | 26 ° C | 31 ° C | 34 ° C | 34 ° C | 29 ° C | 21 ° C | 14 ° C | 9 ° C |
| Night temperature | -1 ° C | -1 ° C | 3 ° C | 8 ° C | 14 ° C | 19 ° C | 22 ° C | 21 ° C | 16 ° C | 9 ° C | 5 ° C | 1 ° C |
| Water temperature | 3 ° C | 4 ° C | 9 ° C | 14 ° C | 20 ° C | 24 ° C | 26 ° C | 26 ° C | 23 ° C | 18 ° C | 12 ° C | 6 ° C |
| Precipitation in mm | 12 | 13 | 19 | 16 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 14 |
| Rainy days | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| Hours of sunshine | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 |
| Sunrise | 8:45 | 8:20 | 7:40 | 6:50 | 6:15 | 6:00 | 6:10 | 6:40 | 7:10 | 7:40 | 8:15 | 8:40 |
| Sunset | 18:25 | 19:05 | 19:35 | 20:05 | 20:35 | 21:00 | 20:55 | 20:25 | 19:40 | 18:50 | 18:15 | 18:05 |
Temperatures
The annual average temperature in Turkmenbashi is 14.6 ° C. For comparison: Munich reaches an average of 8.6 ° C, in Berlin it is 9.6 ° C. The warmest month is July (27.7 ° C), coldest month of January with mean values of 2.3 ° C. The maximum water temperature in Turkmenbashi is 26 ° C. Comfortable bathing is possible at these temperatures. The months of May, June, July, August, September and October have a water temperature of at least 17 ° C. Bathing is then possible to a limited extent. The months of June, July, August and September have a water temperature of at least 21 ° C and are therefore suitable for a beach holiday.
Precipitation
The annual precipitation is 131 mm on 33 days with precipitation. For comparison: In Munich, 967 mm, in Berlin 570 mm, precipitation is measured annually. There is no rainy season, i.e. months with more than 175 mm of precipitation. In the months of January, February, March, November and December is possible snowfall.
Sunshine
As our climate table shows, June is the sunniest month with an average of 11.6 hours of sunshine per day. In the annual mean, the sun shines an average of 7.7 hours per day. For comparison: In Munich and Berlin, the sun shines an average of 4.7 hours per day throughout the year.
