According to COUNTRYAAH, Togo has suffered with particular severity the impact and contradictions of European domination, passing through the colonialism of Germany, Great Britain and France. Its national formation was therefore difficult and after independence (which in fact only concerned the eastern section of the former German Togo, the western one being passed to Ghana) political life has shown a dangerous tendency to instability and disintegration. This is accompanied by a heavy colonial past, which at the beginning of the 2000s is still visible in the territorial structure, in the distribution of the population (to the advantage of the coast) and in the cultural and socio-economic conditions. Dependence on a few products (cotton, coffee, cocoa, phosphates) inevitably subjects the country to market fluctuations. From a political point of view, if Togo has had a less convulsive transition than other states in the region, this is due to a relative institutional stability achieved through a personalistic regime, only partially undermined, in 2005, by the death of Gnassingbé. Eyadéma.
THE STATE
Independent since April 27, 1960, already in French trusteeship, Togo is a Republic. On the basis of the 1992 Constitution, which introduces multi-partyism, the president, elected by direct suffrage for a five-year term, holds the executive power and appoints the Prime Minister; while the National Assembly, whose members are elected by direct suffrage for a 5-year mandate, has legislative power. At the top of the judicial administration is the Supreme Court; subsequently the Courts of Appeal and the Courts of First Instance are present. In addition, two special courts have been created: the Court de sûreté de l’État, which deals with crimes committed against public security, and the Tribunal special chargé de la répression des détournements de dernier public, which acts as the controlling body of expenditure made with funds allocated by the state. The death penalty is no longer in force since June 2009; executions had not taken place since 1978. The defense of the country is entrusted to the armed forces, divided into three traditional weapons. The gendarmerie works alongside these. The armed forces are usually trained by the French troops present on the territory. The impetus given to education in recent years has been considerable, above all thanks to the strengthening of schools run by missionaries; despite having reduced, the illiteracy rate is still very high, in fact, according to 2006 estimates, the percentage of illiterate people was 46.8%. Education is compulsory and free from 6 to 12 years old. Primary school, mainly of a practical nature, lasts 6 years. L’ secondary education lasts 7 years divided into two cycles: one of 4 years provides a general preparation and one of 3, which is general, technical, industrial or commercial. This last three years allows access to higher education, given at the University of Lomé, opened in 1970, and at the University of Kara, inaugurated in 2004.
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Temperatures, precipitation, sunshine in Lomé (Togo)
| Jan | Feb | March | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
| Daytime temperature | 32 ° C | 32 ° C | 33 ° C | 32 ° C | 31 ° C | 30 ° C | 28 ° C | 28 ° C | 29 ° C | 30 ° C | 32 ° C | 32 ° C |
| Night temperature | 23 ° C | 24 ° C | 25 ° C | 24 ° C | 24 ° C | 23 ° C | 23 ° C | 22 ° C | 23 ° C | 23 ° C | 23 ° C | 23 ° C |
| Water temperature | 27 ° C | 27 ° C | 28 ° C | 28 ° C | 28 ° C | 26 ° C | 24 ° C | 22 ° C | 23 ° C | 25 ° C | 27 ° C | 27 ° C |
| Precipitation in mm | 9 | 23 | 53 | 96 | 153 | 252 | 91 | 33 | 65 | 75 | 20 | 8 |
| Rainy days | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
| Hours of sunshine | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 |
| Sunrise | 6:10 | 6:10 | 6:00 | 5:45 | 5:40 | 5:40 | 5:45 | 5:50 | 5:45 | 5:40 | 5:45 | 5:55 |
| Sunset | 18:00 | 18:05 | 18:05 | 18:05 | 18:05 | 18:10 | 18:15 | 18:10 | 17:55 | 17:40 | 17:35 | 17:45 |
Temperatures
The average annual temperature in Lomé is 26.9 ° C. For comparison: Munich reaches an average of 8.6 ° C, in Berlin it is 9.6 ° C. The warmest month is March (28.5 ° C), coldest month of August, with mean values of 25.2 ° C. The maximum water temperature in Lomé is 28 ° C. Comfortable bathing is possible at these temperatures. All months have a water temperature of at least 21 ° C and are therefore suitable for a beach holiday.
Precipitation
The annual precipitation is 878 mm on 55 days with precipitation. For comparison: In Munich, 967 mm, in Berlin 570 mm, precipitation is measured annually. The June is considered the rainy season, since in this month are expected to more than 175 mm of rainfall. You cannot expect snow in any month in Lomé.
Sunshine
As our climate table shows, November is the sunniest month with an average of 8 hours of sunshine per day. On average over the year, the sun shines 6.5 hours a day. For comparison: In Munich and Berlin, the sun shines an average of 4.7 hours per day throughout the year.
